Target: Small Businesses

Authorities Nab More ZeuS-Related Money Mules

Authorities in the United States and Moldova apprehended at least eight individuals alleged to have helped launder cash for an international cyber crime gang that stole more than $70 million from small to mid-sized organizations in recent months.

In Wisconsin, police arrested two young men who were wanted as part of a crackdown in late September on money mules who were in the United States on J1 student visas. The men, both 21 years old, are thought to have helped transfer money overseas that was stolen from U.S. organizations with the help of malicious software planted by attackers in Eastern Europe.

Codreanu and Adam

Dorin Codreanu and Lilian Adam, both originally from Moldova, are being transferred to New York, where they were charged on Sept. 30 in connection with the international money laundering scheme (hat tip to Sophos).

In related news, the government of Moldova’s Specialized Services Center for Combating Economic Crimes and Corruption (CCECC) announced late last month that it had detained six individuals suspected of helping the same international ZeuS gang launder money.

All six of those detained were bank employees, and one worked at the Bank of Moldova. According to Moldovan authorities, the suspects allegedly specialized in intercepting Western Union and MoneyGram payments that mules had sent to Eastern Europe after receiving bank transfers from organizations victimized by the ZeuS Trojan.

Altogether, Moldovan prosecutors are looking at 12 suspects, including a government official who is alleged to have provided the group with copies of ID cards needed to open bank accounts. That nation’s anti-corruption center said it has conducted over 30 searches at detainees’ houses, and seized at least $300,000, a gun, and two luxury cars.

Eleven of the 37 money mules charged in September in connection with these attacks are still at large. Photos of the suspects are available at this alert posted by the FBI.

Target: Small Businesses — 28 Comments
2
Nov 10

Your Money or Your Business

New fees levied by financial institutions are likely to push many small businesses into banking online, whether or not they are aware of and prepared for the types of sophisticated cyber attacks that have cost organizations tens of millions of dollars in recent months.

On the way home from the store last week I caught a Public Radio/Marketplace story in which the radio show interviewed a small business owner who was nudged into banking online after discovering a $9.99 fee had been added to her business banking account for the privilege of continuing to receive paper statements each month.

The angle of the story was the unfairness of the new fees, considering the estimated 12 million people in the United States who have no or only slow access to the Internet. In the following snippet from that program, Marketplace’s David Brancaccio interviewed a woman from Northern New Hampshire:

“The bank with her personal account still sends monthly statements printed on paper, through the mail, for free. Old school. But this year, one of her business accounts started charging money for paper statements.

Johnson: That’s right.

Brancaccio: How much?

Johnson: $9.99 a month.

Brancaccio: Really?

Johnson: Yes.

Brancaccio: When did you actually notice?

Johnson: My bank statement, my paper bank statement! is how I found it!

“It’s a growing trend in banking. For instance, Bank of America has something called the E-banking account where paper statements and routine visits to a human teller cost money. It’s now in more than three dozen states. B of A says techno-savvy customers seem fine with online-only in exchange for no minimum cash balances in the account.”

Johnson didn’t say which bank her commercial account was at. And for its part, BofA’s eBanking plan only applies to consumer accounts, not businesses. But if this type of trend becomes more mainstream among commercial banking customers, more and more small businesses will be pushed into banking online without knowing how to protect themselves from organized cyber thieves that have stolen at least $70 million from small to mid-sized organizations over the last few years.

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Target: Small Businesses — 45 Comments
7
Oct 10

Bill Would Give Cities, Towns and Schools Same e-Banking Security Guarantees as Consumers

In response to a series of costly online banking heists perpetrated against towns, cities and school districts, Sen. Charles Schumer (D-NY) has introduced legislation that would extend those entities the same protections afforded to consumers who are victims of e-banking fraud.

Under “Regulation E” of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA) consumers are not liable for financial losses due to fraud — including account takeovers due to lost or stolen usernames and passwords — if they promptly report the unauthorized activity. However, entities that experience similar fraud with a commercial or business banking account do not enjoy the same protections and often are forced to absorb the losses. Organized cyber thieves, meanwhile, have stolen more than $70 million from small to mid-sized businesses, nonprofits, towns and cities, according to the FBI.

On Sept. 29, computer crooks stole $600,000 from the coastal town of Brigantine, N.J.; seven months earlier, computer crooks stole $100,000 from Egg Harbor Township just 20 miles away. In late December 2009, an organized cyber gang took $3.8 million from the Duanesburg Central School District in Schumer’s home state. In that attack, the bank managed to retrieve some of the money, but the district is still missing roughly $500,000.

The same day as the Brigantine breach, Schumer introduced S. 3898, a bill that would extend EFTA’s Regulation E protections to certain local government entities, including municipalities and school districts. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is to define which entities are included in the categories of “municipality” and “school district.”

Steve Verdier, executive vice president and director of congressional affairs for the Independent Community Bankers of America, said the thinking behind the current law is that banks can absorb the losses from this type of fraud when it happens to consumers because there is usually a comparatively smaller amount of money involved.

“The bank is probably in no better position to protect against this type of fraud than the [business] account holder,” Verdier said. “Whereas consumers may not be as good a position to protect themselves against these types of losses, you would hope a government or school district would have employee procedures to guard against this type of thing. And if the bank is forced to start making good on these losses, that weakens its ability to serve consumers and they’re going to have to price that risk into all of their services.”

Avivah Litan, a financial fraud analyst with Gartner Inc., said there are a number of promising new technologies that banks can make available to their customers that help guard against these attacks, referring to several products that use specially encoded USB keys to load a virtual operating system on the customers computer and encrypt the keystrokes between the bank and the customer.

“Also, why limit this to schools and municipalities? Small businesses have just as much risk as school districts, as do churches for that matter,” Litan said. “So does that mean that small businesses have more resources to deal with this type of fraud than cities and counties do?”

There isn’t much — if any — likelihood that the bill will be acted upon before the November elections, in which case Schumer will need to reintroduce the bill when the 112th Congress convenes early next year.

A copy of Schumer’s bill is here (PDF).

A Little Sunshine / Target: Small Businesses — 29 Comments
4
Oct 10

Hackers Steal $600,000 from Brigantine, NJ

Organized cyber thieves took roughly $600,000 from the coastal city of Brigantine, New Jersey this week after stealing the city’s online banking credentials.

The break-in marks the second time this year that hackers have robbed the coffers of an Atlantic County town: In March, a similar attack struck Egg Harbor Township, N.J., which lost $100,000 in a similar intrusion.

Like the Egg Harbor incident and dozens of others documented here, the loot from the Brigantine heist was sent to multiple “money mules,” willing or unwitting people hired through work-at-home job offers to help computer crooks launder stolen cash.

Brigantine City officials said the incident began sometime before 6 p.m. on September 28th, when TD Bank notified city finance officers that multiple wire transfers had been made from its accounts. Brigantine Police’s Lt. James Bennett said in a written statement:

“Unknown person(s) had apparently obtained a user name and password for the city’s main TD Bank account when our finance personnel attempted to login (through either a fake Web page or an undetectable virus). Then several wire transfers were started with amounts ranging from a few thousand to over $300,000, for a total of about $600,000. The last update from TD Bank was that they were able to recall approximately $400,000 in transfers and were working on recalling the remainder. The investigation is being handled by the FBI, New Jersey State Police with the Brigantine Police Department and TD Bank security.”

The attack occurred in the middle of a week in which federal officials announced dozens of arrests and charges against money mules and the organized criminals responsible for orchestrating these types of break-ins. While it’s unclear whether those responsible for the attack on Brigantine were apprehended or charged this week, the method by which the thieves made off with at least some of the loot bears the same fingerprint as past breaches, including the Egg Harbor attack.

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A Little Sunshine / Target: Small Businesses — 19 Comments
2
Oct 10

Ukraine Detains 5 Individuals Tied to $70 Million in U.S. eBanking Heists

Authorities in Ukraine this week detained five individuals believed to be the masterminds behind sophisticated cyber thefts that siphoned $70 million – out of an attempted $220 million — from hundreds of U.S.-based small to mid-sized businesses over the last 18 months, the FBI said Friday.

At a press briefing on “Operation Trident Breach,” FBI officials described the Ukrainian suspects as the “coders and exploiters” behind a series of online banking heists that have led to an increasing number of disputes and lawsuits between U.S. banks and the victim businesses that are usually left holding the bag.

The FBI said five individuals detained by the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) on Sept. 30 were members of a gang responsible for creating specialized versions of the password-stealing ZeuS banking Trojan and deploying the malware in e-mails targeted at small to mid-sized businesses.

Investigators say the Ukrainian gang used the software to break into computers belonging to at least 390 U.S. companies, transferring victim funds to more than 3,500 so-called “money mules,” individuals in the United States willingly or unwittingly recruited to receive the cash and forward it overseas to the attackers. In connection with the investigation, some 50 SBU officials also executed eight search warrants in the eastern region of Ukraine this week.

Friday’s media briefing at the FBI Hoover building in Washington, D.C. was designed to give reporters a clearer view of the sophistication of an organized crime group whose handiwork had largely escaped broader national media attention until this week. On Wednesday, authorities in the United Kingdom charged 11 people there – all Eastern Europeans – with recruiting and managing money mules. Then on Thursday, officials in New York announced they had charged 92 and arrested 39 money mules, including dozens of Russians who allegedly acted as mules while visiting the United States on student visas.

According to sources familiar with the investigation, the arrests, charges and announcements were intended to be executed simultaneously, but U.K. authorities were forced to act early in response to intelligence that several key suspects under surveillance were planning to flee the country.

SBU officials could not be reached for comment. But FBI agents described the Ukrainian group as the brains behind the attacks. Gordon M. Snow, assistant director of the FBI’s Cyber Division, said the individuals detained by the SBU are thought to have worked with the developer of the ZeuS Trojan to order up custom-made components and versions of ZeuS.

For example, security researchers identified one ZeuS variant that was specific to the Ukrainians known as JabberZeuS because it alerted the gang via Jabber instant message whenever online banking credentials for customers of specific institutions were stolen.

Snow said this week’s law enforcement action was a particularly big deal because of the unprecedented level of cooperation from foreign governments, particularly Ukraine and the Netherlands.

“We worked with legal attachés in 75 countries, and we are very proud of the level of coordination that took place to get this done,” Snow said.

Pim Takkenberg, team leader for the Netherlands Police Agency’s High Tech Crime Unit, said his group played a “small but important role” in helping to identify the hackers by monitoring the miscreants’ use of Dutch infrastructure.

“We helped in connecting all the dots together,” Takkenberg said in a phone interview. “The Netherlands provide for a large portion of the critical internet infrastructure, of which we can monitor certain parts. When criminals are unaware of the fact that they use Dutch infrastructure, that gives us good investigative opportunities. In this particular case we had an interest of our own, since the ZeuS malware made a lot of Dutch victims as well.”

The FBI’s Snow said the investigation began in May 2009, when FBI agents in Omaha, Neb. were alerted to automated clearing house (ACH) batch payments to 46 separate bank accounts through the United States.

I will continue to follow this important story in the days ahead, particularly as more information about the Ukrainian suspects is made public. Stay tuned.

A Little Sunshine / Target: Small Businesses — 12 Comments
30
Sep 10

11 Charged In ZeuS & Money Mule Ring

Authorities in the United Kingdom on Wednesday charged 11 individuals with running an international cybercrime syndicate that laundered millions of dollars stolen from consumers and businesses with the help of the help of the ultra-sophisticated ZeuS banking Trojan.

The gang is believed to be responsible for stealing more than $30 million from banks worldwide between October 2009 and September 28, 2010, and roughly £6 million (US$9.5 million) from financial institutions in the United Kingdom over a three-month period.

Karina Kostromina, in undated photo.

According to sources close to the case, members of the group also were heavily involved in online banking thefts perpetrated against dozens of small businesses and organizations based in the United States. Eight gang members were charged with money laundering, and 10 were charged with conspiracy to defraud. Police arrested 20 people in a pre-dawn raid on Tuesday; nine were bailed on Wednesday. The Metropolitan Police’s Central e-Crime Unit said those individuals may face charges at a later date. Those charged were due to appear in Westminster Magistrates’ Court court early this morning.

The individuals arrested in the U.K. are thought to be a subset of a global cybercrime operation. The Wall Street Journal now reports that the U.S. Attorney’s office in Manhattan is preparing to announce that 60 people have been charged in connection with a major ZeuS crime ring.

Sources say the ringleader of the U.K. gang, 32-year-old Ukrainian property developer Yevhen Kulibaba (pictured above right), shuttled some of the stolen funds from the U.K. to Ukraine and to Latvia, where he has been building a home with his wife. Information obtained by KrebsOnSecurity indicates that Kulibaba’s wife may be Karina Kostromina (pictured above left), a 33-year-old Latvian woman who was among those charged with money laundering and conspiracy in connection with this case. The U.K. Metropolitan Police declined to confirm or deny whether Kulibaba and Kostromina were married, although their public statement puts the two in the same neighborhood – Nevada Heights, Chingford, Essex.

Yuriy Konovalenko

Kulibaba’s right-hand man, 28-year-old Yuriy Konovalenko — also of Nevada Heights — is described by the e-Crime Unit as a self-employed Web designer from Ukraine. Sources say Konovalenko was chiefly responsible for managing a large number of “money mules,” people hired to withdraw, carry or transmit cash stolen by the gang. A review of Konovalenko’s social networking site identities suggests he is a blood relative of Kulibaba’s, but U.K. police declined to confirm or deny this information.

Also charged with conspiracy and stealing money from online bank accounts is Milka Valerij (pictured below), a 29-year-old Ukrainian whom U.K. police say was a building laborer.

Milka Valerij

The oldest alleged member of the group — 34 year-old Georgian Zurab Revazishvili — is facing violations of the U.K. Identity Cards Act of 2005, which makes it a crime to possess false identity documents. The Metropolitan Police statement on the crimes doesn’t specify what Revazishvili’s role was, but sources say he may have been responsible for creating false identity documents for the gang’s money mules.

Continue reading →

Target: Small Businesses / The Coming Storm — 18 Comments
29
Sep 10

19 Arrested in Multi-Million Dollar ZeuS Heists

Authorities in the United Kingdom on Tuesday arrested 19 individuals alleged to be connected to a massive fraud ring that has stolen tens of millions of dollars from hundreds of consumers and small to mid-sized businesses in the U.K. and the United States.

Members of the group — described as 15 men and 4 women between the ages of 23 and 47 — are thought to be part of a sophisticated, multinational computer crime operation that stole almost $10 million over a three month period and may have netted more than $30 million, according to an article in today’s Daily Mail.

Investigators say the gang plundered bank accounts with the help of the ZeuS Trojan, which steals online banking credentials, and allows the thieves to connect back through the victim’s PC and Internet connection to initiate unauthorized transfers.

The Daily Mail story has some nice photos of those arrested, but the piece is otherwise light on details. According to several of my sources who have helped with or participated in the investigation that led to this week’s arrests, the group used ZeuS to steal online banking credentials from tens of thousands of victims, but it focused on extracting money from high-dollar accounts belonging to businesses.

Sources say the UK gang is part of a larger organization that is directly responsible for most of the e-banking heists that I have been writing about for the past 14 months. These attacks targeted bank accounts belonging to schools, libraries, towns, cities, law firms, and a broad range of small to mid-sized companies and nonprofit organizations.

In nearly every case, the gang initiated large batches of bogus payroll payments from victim businesses, sending the money in sub-$10,000 chunks to money mules, unwitting or willing individuals recruited through job search sites. The mules would then withdraw the funds in cash from their banks, and wire the loot – minus a small “commission” — to additional Eastern European mules recruited by the gang.

More to come. Stay tuned.

Target: Small Businesses / Web Fraud 2.0 — 29 Comments
13
Sep 10

A One-Stop Money Mule Fraud Shop

A recent chat with an individual who was almost tricked into helping organized criminals launder thousands of dollars stolen through e-banking fraud introduced me to one of the most clever and convincing money mule recruitment Web sites I’ve ever encountered. Through the use of images stolen from legitimate Web sites and well-placed video and interactive content, this bogus work-at-home job site may become a model for mule recruitment scams to come.

Training to be a "financial agent," a.k.a. a "money mule."

Money mules are people willingly or unwittingly lured into helping crooks launder stolen funds, usually through work-at-home job scams. Reshipping mules are sent goods and asked to reship them to addresses abroad, or are sent money and asked to purchase goods and then ship them overseas. In both jobs, the mule usually earns a commission for his or her work (either fixed percentage of the transfer or permission to keep one of the purchased goods), but both are usually cut loose before they see their promised paychecks.

A mule who spoke with KrebsOnSecurity.com on condition of anonymity said he was recruited as a financial agent by Lydon Online, which communicated with him via Web-based e-mails (see image directly below), as well as via cell phone text messages.

The mule, whom we’ll call “Jeremy,” ignored instructions to supply his bank account information in preparation for receiving deposits from Lydon Online. That’s because shortly after signing up with Lydon, Jeremy learned that another company which also had hired him for a work-at-home job as a financial agent had tried to send him nearly $10,000 stolen from a Pennsylvania dental practice that was robbed of many times that amount last month (the dental office also agreed to speak to me on the condition of anonymity).

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A Little Sunshine / Target: Small Businesses — 33 Comments
1
Sep 10

Cyber Thieves Steal Nearly $1,000,000 from University of Virginia College

Cyber crooks stole just shy of $1 million from a satellite campus of The University of Virginia last week, KrebsOnSecurity.com has learned.

The attackers stole the money from The University of Virginia’s College at Wise, a 4-year public liberal arts college located in the town of Wise in southwestern Virginia.

Kathy Still, director of news and media relations at UVA Wise, declined to offer specifics on the theft, saying only that the school was investigating a hacking incident.

“All I can say now is we have a possible computer hacking situation under investigation,” Still said. “I can also tell you that as far as we can tell, no student data has been compromised.”

According to several sources familiar with the case, thieves stole the funds after compromising a computer belonging to the university’s comptroller. The attackers used a computer virus to steal the online banking credentials for the University’s accounts at BB&T Bank, and initiated a single fraudulent wire transfer in the amount of $996,000 to the Agricultural Bank of China. BB&T declined to comment for this story.

Sources said the FBI is investigating and has possession of the hard drive from the controller’s PC. A spokeswoman at FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C. said that as a matter of policy the FBI does not confirm or deny the existence of investigations.

The attack on UVA Wise is the latest in a string of online bank heists targeting businesses, schools, towns and nonprofits. Last week, cyber thieves stole more than $600,000 from the Catholic Diocese of Des Moines, Iowa.

Update, Sept. 4, 4:27 p.m. ET: Jordan Fifer, a reporter for the Highland Cavalier, the official student newspaper for UVA-Wise, writes that school officials now say they have recovered the stolen money.

A Little Sunshine / Target: Small Businesses / Web Fraud 2.0 — 43 Comments
30
Aug 10

Crooks Who Stole $600,000 From Catholic Diocese Said Money Was for Clergy Sex Abuse Victims

Organized cyber thieves stole more than $600,000 from the Catholic Diocese of Des Moines, Iowa earlier this month. The funds were spirited away with the help of dozens of unwitting co-conspirators hired through work-at-home job scams, at least one of whom was told the money was being distributed to victims of the Catholic Church sex abuse scandals, KrebsOnSecurity.com has learned.

In a statement released last week, the diocese said the fraud occurred between Aug. 13 and Aug. 16, apparently after criminals had stolen the diocese’s online banking credentials. The Diocese it was alerted to the fraud on Aug. 17 by its financial institution, Bankers Trust of Des Moines.

The diocese also said the FBI and U.S. Treasury Department were notified, and that the FBI had taken possession of several diocesan computers. To date, roughly $180,000 has been recovered.

The diocese added that law enforcement had advised them that the theft seems to have been the work of a highly sophisticated operation based overseas, which moved the stolen money out of the United States by recruiting people who unknowingly act as intermediaries.

“While the Diocese of Des Moines is protected by insurance and anticipates the restoration of the funds, we have been advised that such criminal activity is rampant,” Des Moines Bishop Richard Pates said. “Obviously, any entity that experiences such a crime should be significantly concerned.”

Once again, the theft involves so-called money mules willingly or unwittingly recruited by a specific money mule cash-out gang whose work I have written about several times already. Among the mules involved in this incident was a man in Newnan, Ga. who received almost $30,000 of the church’s cash. Daniel Huggins, the 29-year-old owner of Masonry Construction Group LLC, got mixed up with a company calling itself the Impeccable Group, claiming to be an international finance company operating out of New York.

Huggins said the Impeccable Group recruited him via e-mail, claiming it had found his resume on job search site Monster.com. The Impeccable Group told him he would be doing payment processing for the company, and on Aug. 16, Huggins’ erstwhile employers sent him two payments, one for almost $20,000 and another for slightly less than $10,000.

Huggins said he contacted the Impeccable Group shortly after the transfers because the amounts seemed quite high and the transfers appeared to be coming from the Catholic Church. The scammers apparently were ready for this question and were quick on their feet with a reply that was as plausible as it was diabolical: Huggins was told the money was going to be distributed as legal settlements to people who had been affected by the clergy sexual abuse scandals that have rocked the church in recent years.

“The told me it was going to be payouts to some of the settlements in the sex crimes cases against the Church,” Huggins said.

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