All-in-One Skimmers

November 10, 2010
26 Comments

ATM skimmers come in all shapes and sizes, and most include several components — such as a tiny spy cam hidden in a brochure rack, or fraudulent PIN pad overlay.  The problem from the thief’s perspective is that the more components included in the skimmer kit, the greater the chance that he will get busted attaching or removing the devices from ATMs.

Thus, the appeal of the all-in-one ATM skimmer: It stores card data using an integrated magnetic stripe reader, and it has a built-in hidden camera designed to record the PIN sequence after an unsuspecting customer slides his bank card into the compromised machine.

The model displayed here is designed to work on specific Diebold ATMs, and can hold a battery charge for two to four days, depending on ambient temperature and the number of customers who pull money out of the hacked ATM.

Functionally, it is quite similar to the all-in-one model pictured in the very first skimmer post in this ATM skimmer series, although its design indicates it may be identical to the one pictured here, which was found on a Wachovia ATM just a couple of miles from my home earlier this year.

The tiny pinhole camera in the image above is angled so that it points at the PIN pad below and to the left, recording the victim’s 4-digit personal identification number to a flash-based memory card.

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Microsoft Plugs Office Holes, But No IE Fix Yet

November 9, 2010
11 Comments

Microsoft Corp. today issued three bundles of updates fixing at least 11 security vulnerabilities in its software, mainly flaws in Microsoft Office products. But the company did not release an update today to remedy  a critical flaw built into in all versions of the Internet Explorer Web browser that is now being exploited by at least one common, automated hacker toolkit.

Two of the updates address Office bugs, including one that is limited to older versions of PowerPoint and PowerPoint Viewer. Only one of today’s patches earned a “critical” rating, Microsoft’s most serious. But experts are warning that this critical Office vulnerability is likely to be used in targeted e-mail attacks against Microsoft Outlook users.

“One of the most dangerous aspects of this vulnerability is that a user doesn’t have to open a malicious email to be infected,” said Joshua Talbot, security intelligence manager for Symantec Security Response. “All that is required is for the content of the email to appear in Outlook’s Reading Pane. If a user highlights a malicious email to preview it in the Reading Pane, their machine is immediately infected. The same holds true if a user opens Outlook and a malicious email is the most recently received in their inbox; that email will appear in the Reading Pane by default and the computer will be infected.”

Microsoft did not issue an update to fix a zero-day flaw in Internet Explorer that bad guys are exploiting to break into Windows computers. Last week, the software giant warned that crooks were exploiting the flaw in targeted attacks, and that it had no intention of issuing a fix for the security hole outside of its normal monthly patching process (the second Tuesday of each month — today — is Patch Tuesday).

Since that advisory, the IE exploit has been bundled into the Eleonore Exploit pack, a powerful and widely-used commercial crimeware kit that makes it trivial for attackers to turn legitimate Web sites into platforms for installing malware when visitors browse the sites with vulnerable PCs.

If you have Office Installed, take a moment to visit Microsoft Update to patch things up. If you use IE, either upgrade to IE8 — which provides additional protections against this zero-day attack — or consider implementing the Fix-It tool that Microsoft has released to help mitigate the threat from the vulnerability.

A summary of today’s bulletins is available here.

Update, 7:03 p.m. ET: Added information at the end of this post on the Microsoft FixIt Tool.

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Body Armor for Bad Web Sites

November 9, 2010
19 Comments

Hacked and malicious sites designed to steal data from unsuspecting users via malware and phishing are a dime a dozen, often located in the United States, and are a key target for takedown by ISPs and security researchers. But when online miscreants seek stability in their Web projects, they often turn to so-called “bulletproof hosting” providers, mini-ISPs that specialize in offering services that are largely immune from takedown requests and pressure from Western law enforcement agencies.

Until recently, you more or less had gain access to and lurk on the right underground forums to be able to rent services from bulletproof hosting providers. These days, it’s becoming easier to find these badware havens advertising out in the open. Last week, I traced the activities of one particular service frequented by criminals back to a bulletproof provider whose slogan says it all: “You’ll Never Get Any Abuse From Us!”

Of course, just how insulated this particular provider’s services are and how much illicit activity you can get away with while using them depends largely on how much you’re willing to shell out each month. For example, an entry level “default bulletproof server” allows customers to host things like rogue online pharmacies, replica, gambling, and MP3 sites for $270 per month. But this service level bars customers from hosting nastier content, such as malware, spyware, adware, exploits, viruses, and phishing sites.

Upgrade to the “Super BulletProof Virtual Dedicated Servers in China” — and pay almost $500 a month — and the only activities that are prohibited are sending spam and hosting any type of porn.

The provider pictured here also upsells potential customers by offering a variety of handy add-on services. For extra coin each month, one can rent a bulletproof server with a license for XRumer, a black hat search engine manipulation tool that automates the registration of new Web forum accounts and the spamming of links on those forums, all in a bid to boost the search engine rankings of the spamvertized site. If you operate a blog and have had to deal with what appear to be automated, link-filled comments, chances are good that XRumer was involved in some way.

For a $20 one-time setup fee, your server will come pre-packaged with links for forums that XRumer is able to spam, including thousands of Web pages in top-level domains that are often given more ranking weight by search engines, such as .edu, .gov and .mil.

[EPSB]

Have you seen:

Earn a Diploma from Scam U…Since the dawn of the Internet, tutorials showing would-be scammers how to fleece others have been available online. But for novices who can’t be bothered to scour the Net for these far flung but free resources, the tricks of the trade now can be learned through the equivalent of community college classes in e-thievery, or or via intensive, one-on-one online apprenticeships.

[/EPSB]

Authorities Nab More ZeuS-Related Money Mules

November 8, 2010
32 Comments

Authorities in the United States and Moldova apprehended at least eight individuals alleged to have helped launder cash for an international cyber crime gang that stole more than $70 million from small to mid-sized organizations in recent months.

In Wisconsin, police arrested two young men who were wanted as part of a crackdown in late September on money mules who were in the United States on J1 student visas. The men, both 21 years old, are thought to have helped transfer money overseas that was stolen from U.S. organizations with the help of malicious software planted by attackers in Eastern Europe.

Codreanu and Adam

Dorin Codreanu and Lilian Adam, both originally from Moldova, are being transferred to New York, where they were charged on Sept. 30 in connection with the international money laundering scheme (hat tip to Sophos).

In related news, the government of Moldova’s Specialized Services Center for Combating Economic Crimes and Corruption (CCECC) announced late last month that it had detained six individuals suspected of helping the same international ZeuS gang launder money.

All six of those detained were bank employees, and one worked at the Bank of Moldova. According to Moldovan authorities, the suspects allegedly specialized in intercepting Western Union and MoneyGram payments that mules had sent to Eastern Europe after receiving bank transfers from organizations victimized by the ZeuS Trojan.

Altogether, Moldovan prosecutors are looking at 12 suspects, including a government official who is alleged to have provided the group with copies of ID cards needed to open bank accounts. That nation’s anti-corruption center said it has conducted over 30 searches at detainees’ houses, and seized at least $300,000, a gun, and two luxury cars.

Eleven of the 37 money mules charged in September in connection with these attacks are still at large. Photos of the suspects are available at this alert posted by the FBI.

Keeping an Eye on the SpyEye Trojan

November 8, 2010
3 Comments

Last month, I published evidence suggesting that future development of the ZeuS banking Trojan was being merged with that of the up-and-coming SpyEye Trojan. Since then, a flood of new research has been published about SpyEye, including a new Web site that helps track the location of SpyEye control networks worldwide.

Roman Hüssy, the curator of Zeustracker — a site that has spotlighted ZeuS activity around the globe since early 2009 — late last week launched SpyEye Tracker, a sister service designed to help Internet service providers keep tabs on miscreants using SpyEye (take care with the IP address links listed at this service, because they can lead to live, malicious files).

Hüssy said he’s not convinced that the SpyEye crimeware kit will usurp the mighty ZeuS. “Why should they give up something which works and pay for a new tool?” he said in an online chat with KrebsOnSecurity.com. Instead, Hüssy said he’s launching the new tracking service to help prevent that shift.

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Flash Update Plugs 18 Security Holes

November 5, 2010
26 Comments

Adobe on Thursday released an update to its Flash Player software that fixes at least 18 security vulnerabilities, including one that is being exploited in targeted attacks.

The Flash update brings the latest version to v 10.1.102.64. To find out if your computer has Flash installed (it almost certainly does) and what version it may be running, go here. The new version is available from this link, but be aware that if you accept all of the default settings, the update may include additional software, such as a toolbar or anti-virus scanner.

If you’d like to avoid Adobe’s obnoxious Download Manager and all these extras, grab the update from this link instead. Updates are available for Windows, Macintosh, Linux, and Solaris versions of Flash.

If you use Internet Explorer in addition to other browsers, you will need to apply this update twice: Once to install the Flash Active X plugin for IE, and again to update other browsers, such as Firefox or Google Chrome (you may find that Google has already updated their browser with this fix). Also, while it’s not strictly necessary, Adobe recommends that users uninstall the previous version of Flash before updating to the latest copy of Flash. Instructions and tools for removing Flash are here.

More information on the vulnerabilities fixed in this patch is available in the Adobe advisory.

Microsoft Warns of Attacks on Zero-Day IE Bug

November 3, 2010
10 Comments

Microsoft Corp. today warned Internet Explorer users that attackers are exploiting a previously unknown security hole in the browser to install malicious software. The company is urging users who haven’t already done so to upgrade to IE8, which includes technology that makes the vulnerability more difficult to exploit.

According to the advisory Microsoft published, this is a browse-to-a-malicious-site-and-get-owned vulnerability. The company reports that the exploit code was discovered on a single Web site that is no longer online. But if past attacks against unpatched IE flaws are any indicator, it will probably not be long before the attack is stitched into plenty of other hacked and malicious Web sites.

Redmond says Data Execution Prevention (DEP) technology enabled by default in IE8 helps protect against attacks, and that the same protection is enabled on all supported platforms, including Windows XP Service Pack 3, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, Windows Vista Service Pack 2, and Windows 7. IE9 beta apparently is not at risk from this threat.

In a post to its Microsoft Security Response Center blog, the company said that it is working to develop a security update to address this attack against the flaw, but that at the moment it “does not meet the criteria for an out-of-band release.” Microsoft is expected to issue another round of security updates next week as part of its regular “Patch Tuesday” cycle, which generally occurs on the second Tuesday of each month.

Symantec Corp. has posted a fascinating blog entry that details just how targeted the attacks have been so far. It offers a peek at how these types of critical flaws in widely-used applications can be used in pinprick attacks to extract very specific information from targeted organizations and individuals. From that post:

“One such case started few days ago when we received information about a possible exploitation using older versions of Internet Explorer as targets. Hackers had sent emails to a select group of individuals within targeted organizations. Within the email the perpetrators added a link to a specific page hosted on an otherwise legitimate website.

….Looking at the log files from this exploited server we know that the malware author had targeted more than a few organizations. The files on this server had been accessed by people in lots of organizations in multiple industries across the globe. Very few of them were seen accessing the payload file, which means that most users were using a browser which wasn’t vulnerable or targeted.”

Read more from the Symantec writeup here.

‘Evilgrade’ Gets an Upgrade

November 3, 2010
14 Comments

“Evilgrade,” a toolkit that makes it simple for attackers to install malicious software by exploiting weaknesses in the auto-update feature of many popular software titles, recently received an upgrade of its own and is now capable of hijacking the update process of more than 60 legitimate programs.

Evilgrade’s creator, Francisco Amato of InfoByte Security Research, says that by targeting widely deployed programs that don’t properly implement digital signatures on their product updates, attackers can impersonate those companies and trick users into believing they are updating their software, when in reality the users may be downloading a package designed to compromise the security of their computer.

Software companies should include these signatures in all of their updates, so that a user’s computer can validate that the update was indeed sent by the vendor. For example, Microsoft signs all of its updates with a cryptographic key that only it knows, and Windows machines are configured to ignore any incoming software update alerts that are not signed with that key. But for whatever reason, many software vendors have overlooked this important security precaution, and have chosen not to sign their updates — or have implemented the signing verification process in a way that can be circumvented.

Among the software products that Amato says EvilGrade can compromise are iTunes, Java, Skype, Winamp — even security applications like Superantispyware, Sunbelt, and Panda Antirootkit (a longer list of vulnerable apps is available in the documentation).

The video above shows how Evilgrade works against even the latest version of Java — Java 6 Update 22.

As the release notes state, this tool is a cross-platform attack suite, meaning that it can be used to attack not only Windows systems, but any vulnerable update mechanism: The attacker need only supply platform-specific payloads designed to run on the targeted user’s operating system.

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Your Money or Your Business

November 2, 2010
28 Comments

New fees levied by financial institutions are likely to push many small businesses into banking online, whether or not they are aware of and prepared for the types of sophisticated cyber attacks that have cost organizations tens of millions of dollars in recent months.

On the way home from the store last week I caught a Public Radio/Marketplace story in which the radio show interviewed a small business owner who was nudged into banking online after discovering a $9.99 fee had been added to her business banking account for the privilege of continuing to receive paper statements each month.

The angle of the story was the unfairness of the new fees, considering the estimated 12 million people in the United States who have no or only slow access to the Internet. In the following snippet from that program, Marketplace’s David Brancaccio interviewed a woman from Northern New Hampshire:

“The bank with her personal account still sends monthly statements printed on paper, through the mail, for free. Old school. But this year, one of her business accounts started charging money for paper statements.

Johnson: That’s right.

Brancaccio: How much?

Johnson: $9.99 a month.

Brancaccio: Really?

Johnson: Yes.

Brancaccio: When did you actually notice?

Johnson: My bank statement, my paper bank statement! is how I found it!

“It’s a growing trend in banking. For instance, Bank of America has something called the E-banking account where paper statements and routine visits to a human teller cost money. It’s now in more than three dozen states. B of A says techno-savvy customers seem fine with online-only in exchange for no minimum cash balances in the account.”

Johnson didn’t say which bank her commercial account was at.  And for its part, BofA’s eBanking plan only applies to consumer accounts, not businesses. But if this type of trend becomes more mainstream among commercial banking customers, more and more small businesses will be pushed into banking online without knowing how to protect themselves from organized cyber thieves that have stolen at least $70 million from small to mid-sized organizations over the last few years.

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Google Extends Security Bug Bounty to Gmail, YouTube, Blogger

November 1, 2010
10 Comments

Google on Monday said it was expanding a program to pay security researchers who discreetly report software flaws in the company’s products. The move appears aimed at engendering goodwill within the hacker community while encouraging more researchers to keep their findings private until the holes can be fixed.

Earlier this year, Google launched a program to reward researchers who directly report any security holes found in the company’s Chrome open-source browser project. With its announcement today, Google is broadening the program to include bugs reported for its Web properties, including Gmail, YouTube, Blogger and others (the company says its desktop apps — Android, Picasa and Google Desktop, etc.  are not included in the expanded bounty program).

The program is unlikely to attract those who are looking to get rich selling security vulnerabilities, as there are several less reputable places online where critical bugs in important online applications can fetch far higher prices. But the expanded bounty may just win over researchers who might otherwise post their research online, effectively alerting Google to the problem at the same time as the cyber criminal community.

“We already enjoy working with an array of researchers to improve Google security, and some individuals who have provided high caliber reports are listed on our credits page,” Google’s security team wrote on the company’s security blog. “As well as enabling us to thank regular contributors in a new way, we hope our new program will attract new researchers and the types of reports that help make our users safer.”

The standard reward for bugs will continue to be public recognition and $500, although the search giant said bugs that are particularly severe or clever could earn rewards of up to $3,133.7 (this is leet speek for “elite”).

Google said it won’t pay for bugs that involve overtly malicious attacks, such as social engineering and physical attacks or so-called “black hat search engine optimization” techniques —  and that it wouldn’t count less serious flaws such as denial-of-service bugs, or flaws in technologies recently acquired by Google.

Other companies have established bug bounty programs. For example, Mozilla, the organization behind the Firefox Web browser, for years paid researchers $500 for bugs, but recently upped the amount to $3,000.

Charlie Miller, a security researcher who has reported a large number of bugs in a variety of applications and programs, was initially critical of such a tiny bounty from one of the world’s wealthiest and most powerful businesses. But reached via e-mail Monday evening, Miller said that while he’d always like to see more money being paid to bug researchers, the relatively few companies that offer bug bounties also deserve recognition.

“With so many companies (MS, Adobe, Apple, Oracle) not paying anything, I’m very happy to see any money going out for these types of programs,” Miller wrote. “It motivates and rewards researchers.  The security of the products (or websites) that the average person uses goes up.  Also, it provides vendors with a level of control they otherwise lack.  If a researcher reports a bug and then decides they think the process is not working well, they’ll think twice about dropping it on full disclosure if they know they’ll lose their finder’s fee.”